Introduction to Logic Test 01 / The Culture of Reason Center

1) According to Dr. Peikoff, the Existentialist-Zen Buddhist-Orientalist axis of philosophy regards logic as useless, subjective, a product of linguistic conventions.

True

False

2) Dr. Peikoff offers two reasons why people require logic:

The Primacy of Existence; Conceptual cognition is fallible

Logic is the method of knowledge; Logic is the foundation of values

The Primacy of Consciousness; Perceptual cognition is infallible

the Primacy of Existence; Conceptual cognition is infallible

3) Every consciousness, regardless of its means or form of awareness, must be capable of error.

True

False

4) Identify the meaning and the author of the following quote: “credo quia absurdum”

[I think, therefore I am] (René Descartes)

[The absurd is knowable] (Plato)

[I believe because it is absurd] (Pope Benedict XVI)

[I believe because it is absurd] (Tertullian)

5) Who said the following? “At a mass meeting, thought is eliminated. And because this is the state of mind I require, because it secures to me the best sounding board for my speeches, I order everyone to attend the meetings, where they become part of the mass, whether they like it or not. I mingle with people. I speak to them only as the mass.”

Jesus Christ

Adolph Hitler

Benito Mussolini

Siddhārtha Gautama

6) Objectivism agrees with the “non-ontological” theory of logic.

True

False

7) The Law of Contradiction states:

A is A.

Everything can be A and non-A.

Nothing can be A and non-A, at the same time and in the same respect.

Everything is either A or non-A, at a given time and in a given respect.

8) Thinking, according to Objectivism, is:

A process of identification

All mental activity

mental activity directed toward a purpose

The process of deduction

9) The Law of Excluded Middle states:

A is A.

Everything can be A and non-A.

Nothing can be A and non-A, at the same time and in the same respect.

Everything is either A or non-A, at a given time and in a given respect.

10) Dr. Peikoff defines proof as follows: the process of deriving a conclusion from antecedently known truths, by reference to and on the basis of the laws of logic.

True

False

11) According to Dr. Peikoff, what is the opposite of proof?

The false

The arbitrary

The unknown

A contradiction

12) Dr. Peikoff names two false philosophic doctrines that represent a direct attack on logic:

Mysticism, Subjectivism

Pragmatism, Existentialism

Collectivism, Altruism

Rationalism, Intrinsicism

13) Dr. Peikoff defines mysticism as follows:

the view that a knowledge of reality is possible by means other than logic based on sense experience.

the practice of magic.

the view that knowledge is attained through contemplation and self-surrender.

The view that reality depends on the content of human consciousness.

14) According to Dr. Peikoff, mysticism actually implies determinism.

True

False

15) Dr. Peikoff states: mysticism is to epistemology what amorality is to ethics.

True

False

16) According to Dr. Peikoff, even science requires a sacred text.

True

False

17) Dr. Peikoff maintains: Mysticism is essentially a metaphysical doctrine.

True

False

18) Dr. Peikoff holds: Subjectivism is an epistemological doctrine.

True

False

19) Identify the fallacy of using a concept, while ignoring or denying one or more basic concepts on which it depends:

Composition

Verecundiam

Stolen Concept

Petitio Principii (Begging the question)

20) He will say, “It is true—for me, for you, for him, for her, for it, for us, for them, for the Middle Ages, for the 19th Century, for Americans,” etc., but he will always say “true for.”

A Mystic

A Rationalist

A Subjectivist

An Objectivist

21) One cannot prove the Law of Identity.

True

False

22) Reaffirmation through Denial is a technique devised by Aristotle that proves the laws of logic.

True

False

23) There are two fundamental types of reasoning (two fundamental types of inference):

Analytic and Synthetic

Metaphysical and Epistemological

Propositional and Symbolic

Deduction and Induction

24) Is logic an art or a science?

It is a science

It is an art

It is neither an art or a science

It is both and can be defined either way

25) According to Dr. Peikoff, Objectivism is entirely opposed to what is today called “symbolic logic.”

True

False

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