The Ominous Parallels Test 02

1) Statism and the advocacy of reason are philosophical opposites. [p.45]

2) The romanticists passionately admired two cultures: [p.50]

3) Identify the author of this quote: “It is believable, because it is absurd; it is certain, because it is impossible.” [p.56]

4) Dogmatism and pragmatism are philosophically interchangeable. [p.60]

5) Fill in the blank: In metaphysics, ___________ is the view that reality (the “object”) is dependent on human consciousness (the “subject”). [p.62]

6) Kant ushered in the era of social subjectivism. [p.64]

7) Nazism is a form of egoism (national egoism). [p.69]

8) According to Kant: The noumenal realm is the world of things as they appear to man given the distorting structure of his cognitive faculties. [p.77]

9) Fill in the blank: _______ is the first philosopher of self-sacrifice to advance this ethics as a matter of philosophic principle, explicit, self-conscious, uncompromised. [p.78]

10) Kant is an Oriental mystic. [p.81]

11) Kant and Fichte held that a man cannot discover the content of good and evil by his own judgement, independent of the views of society. [p.87]

12) The leaders of the American Enlightenment rejected the idea of the supernatural completely. [p.108]

13) Jefferson – and the other Founding Fathers fought against democracy invoking the principle of individual rights. [p.111]

14) Identify the author of the following quote: “there is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party or an obnoxious individual. Hence it is that such democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths.” [p.111]

15) The philosophy of John Locke is a contradictory mixture, part Aristotelian, part Christian, part Cartesian, part skeptic. [p.113]

16) John Stuart Mill based his defense of capitalism on: [p.119]

17) Fill in the blank: __________ teach that an action is moral if its result is to maximize pleasure among men in general. [p.119

18) Herbert Spencer defended capitalism based on: [p.120-121]

19) Identify the author of this quote: “the fundamental idea that we know only after we have acted and in consequence of the outcome of action.” [p.124]

20) According to Dr. Peikoff: “The process of spreading a philosophy by means of free discussion among thinking adults is long and complex.” [p.130]